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Drone-assisted delivery reduced total cost and improved time-window performance
Hybrid genetic algorithm solution for collaborative electric vehicle and drone routing with soft time windows, demonstrating cost reduction and improved delivery performance in urban parcel logistics.
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Driver overtime reduced routing costs in a flower delivery network
Route-based MILP analysis shows explicit overtime inclusion and driver workload constraints yield 9.7%–36.4% cost reductions; overtime most benefits long-distance deliveries and cost vs distance.
