Retrofitting

Study validates full-length tie-rod retrofitting for reducing out-of-plane seismic vulnerability in unreinforced masonry walls, providing design tools with ~7% accuracy.

Study of masonry building damage from Turkish earthquakes reveals critical failure patterns including out-of-plane wall collapse, poor connections, and material deficiencies. Findings support.

Study on rubber-stiffened steel plates and rapid-hardening concrete for sustainable bridge expansion joints, examining static performance, failure mechanisms, and design parameters for jointless.