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DM Tau disk shows non-thermal line broadening
Bayesian analysis of molecular line observations confirms nonthermal broadening of 0.4 sound speeds in the DM Tau protoplanetary disk, providing evidence for turbulence.
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Large protoplanetary disks show widespread non-Keplerian gas motions
Two-dimensional kinematic mapping of 15 protoplanetary disks reveals ubiquitous non-Keplerian deviations including spiral structures, with systematic differences between disk classifications.
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Vertical gas flows are widespread in protoplanetary disks
Study of vertical gas flows in 14 protoplanetary disks using ALMA observations reveals ubiquitous vertical motions driven by diverse physical mechanisms during planet formation.