Dopant
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Trace ethylene boosts nitrogen GC-MS sensitivity
Adding trace ethylene to nitrogen carrier gas in GC-MS increases sensitivity 20-fold while maintaining 70 eV electron-ionization spectral patterns compatible with existing reference libraries.
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Cr and rare-earth grey phases form in doped fuel models
Synchrotron spectroscopy reveals chromium and lanthanide speciation in Cr-doped uranium dioxide fuels, showing perovskite secondary phases remain structurally stable under radiation exposure.

