Focal Interest
Focal Interest

Dopamine

  1. Brief electrical stimulation induced ketamine-like plasticity in human neurons
    Brief electrical stimulation produces ketamine-like structural plasticity in human dopamine neurons via calcium-dependent BDNF and mTOR signaling, reversing cortisol-induced damage.
  2. Effort boosts dopamine release through acetylcholine
    Effort amplifies dopamine reward responses through acetylcholine modulation of dopamine axons in the nucleus accumbens, explaining how organisms maintain reward-seeking under resource constraints.