Boiler (water heating)
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Coal-biomass co-firing stayed stable across wide boiler loads Numerical model of 1000 MW boiler determines optimal biomass injection positions and co-firing ratios for stable coal-biomass operation across variable load conditions.
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50% heat pump coverage gave the best overall performance Study optimizes ground-source heat pump systems in cold-region green buildings, reducing soil thermal imbalance and carbon emissions by 33% while lowering lifecycle costs through composite energy.

